A Pricean Formalization of Gaia

Abstract The compatibility of the Gaia hypothesis with Darwinism is often challenged on grounds that 1) to be potent, natural selection requires existence a population (whereas single entity), and 2) entities forming reproduce (while merely persists). However, using Price equation, I argue, following others, can fit squarely within Darwinian framework because exhibit adaptations if process at lower level (e.g., an ecosystem) occur, notion extended accommodate evolution without reproduction.